[114], The chief United States prosecutor, Robert H. Jackson, of the U.S. Supreme Court said, "Speer joined in planning and executing the program to dragoon prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries, which waxed in output while the workers waned in starvation. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. Speer-Weber, Magarete, born 08-09-1905 in Heidelberg, lived there all her live, they also had a house near Hitler's Berghof on the Obersalzberg and was a girlfriend of Eva Braun (see Braun parents) and a regular visitor on the Berghof of Berchtesgaden. After serving. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . [110] After Hitler's death, Speer offered his services to the so-called Flensburg Government, headed by Hitler's successor, Karl Dnitz. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. After joining the Nazi Party in 1930, Speer became Adolf Hitler's personal architect. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". [117], Speer was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor and forced labor. [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. [154] In his memoirs and interviews, he had distorted the truth and made so many major omissions that his lies became known as "myths". Figlio e nipote di architetti, Spee. "[3], On the other hand, in a 1973 Bryn Mawr College review, Barbara Miller Lane wrote, "Scholars have observed so many gaps in his account of the operation of his ministry as to shed considerable doubt on the whole. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. [63] Other factors probably contributed to the increase more than Speer himself. Startseite; Cytologie. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. [177] The rational position to adopt was to seek a political solution that would end the war without defeat. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. For the television film based on the book, see, :55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Sarah Word from the British film magazine ", Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inside_the_Third_Reich&oldid=1132240858, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 23:15. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. He lost yet more authority. [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". . [157] In return they were paid handsomely in royalties and other financial inducements. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. Study now. One of Speer's grandfathers was among the most successful machine-tool manufacturers in Germany; the other was a well-known architect. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. Speer joined the National Socialist Party in January 1931; he wrote "I was not choosing the NSDAP, but becoming a follower of Hitler, whose magnetic force had reached out to me the first time I saw him and had not, thereafter, released me." [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. Speer asked Wolters to destroy the material he had omitted from his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [9] In 1925, he transferred again, this time to the Technical University of Berlin where he studied under Heinrich Tessenow, whom Speer greatly admired. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. Then it was too late; Germany had been destroyed. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. For Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, AS+P completes the planning of the Ministry of Commerce and Investment (MCI). [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. He was 76 years old. [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. Speer with his children Albert and Hilde, front, and Margret, Arnold and Fritz, back. [89] To increase production, Speer introduced a system of punishments for his workforce. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. [158] Kitchen said he had deceived the Nuremberg Tribunal and post-war Germany. Albert Einstein lived in the USA, so was not where the holocaust [26], The image of the good Nazi was supported by numerous Speer myths. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. Martin Kitchen, a British historian, says that the choice was not surprising. [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. BERLIN When Hilde Schramm inherited several paintings collected by her father, Hitler's chief architect and Armaments Minister Albert Speer, she was only sure of one thing: she did not want. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. [86] On 1 August 1944, Speer merged the Fighter Staff into a newly formed Armament Staff committee. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. Speer was appalled by this order, and persuaded several key military and political leaders to ignore it. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. [37] Speer hired Wolters as part of his design team, with special responsibility for the Prachtstrasse. Once Speer became aware of the existence of the fund, he sent detailed instructions about what to do with the money. Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. A groundbreaking 26-part documentary series narrated by the actor Laurence Olivier about the deadliest conflict in history, World War II. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for the Holocaust. At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany on March 19, 1905, to Luise and Albert. Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. [82] In mid-January 1944, Speer had a lung embolism and fell seriously ill. Inventing for Speer the post of General Inspector of Buildings, Hitler steadily promoted him to the point where other Nazi leaders and rivals believed that he might well become Hitler's successor. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. I presumably had a sense of somber events. sent during this battle. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. Secured early release from prison, became a media celebrity and successfully cultivated the "clean Speer" myth. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. by. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. [67] With Hitler's full agreement, he decided to prioritize tank production, and he was given unrivaled power to ensure success. sort by. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. [1]:488498,569, Speer's involvement with concentration camp prisoners as a work force came about when Hitler agreed to Himmler's proposal they be used for the secret V-2 project. Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. I knew that these must be Berlin Jews who were being evacuated. In consequence, despite tank production having the highest priority, relatively little of the armaments budget was spent on it. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. I recommend this book without reservations. His first draft was written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954. Speer II is more than an urban planner. Yet development and production would take at least two years. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. [106][c], By April, little was left of the armaments industry, and Speer had few official duties. [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. [39], Plans to build a new Reich chancellery had been underway since 1934. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. In the World War II, Hitler appointed him as the Minister of Armaments and War Production for Germany. Speer was able to have his writings sent to Wolters, however, and they eventually amounted to 20,000 pages. [135] Speer's efforts for an early release came to naught. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. [91], The largest technological advance under Speer's command came through the rocket program. Inside the Third Reich: Directed by Marvin J. Chomsky. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. Post In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. Efforts were made and a search of Ernst's unit ended in failure. Minister for Armaments. The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. [56] Hitler appointed Speer in Todt's place. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. For the record, Ernst Speer is discussed at p. 336 in Beevor's "Stalingrad" (Penguin 2007), The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad.

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